HEDONISM IN F. SCOTT FITZGERALD’S
“THE BEAUTIFUL AND DAMNED”
Kartika Purnama Sari
Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Gunadarma
ABSTRACT
Kartika Purnama Sari. 2010 Hedonism values in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Beautiful and Damned”. Research. Skripsi. English Department. Faculty of Letters. Gunadarma University.
Advisor: (1) Drs. Hendro F. Grad. Dip. Bus, MM.(2) Romel Noverino, S.S., M. Hum.
Keywords: Characteristics, Hedonism, The Beautiful and Damned
The Beautiful and Damned was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s talked about the life of Anthony Patch, his wife named Gloria, and his friends. Gloria is a Harvard-educated and an aspiring aesthete, while Patch was waiting for his inheritance upon his grandfather's death. His reckless marriage to Gloria was fueled by alcohol and is destroyed by greed. In this story, the glamourous life of Anthony Patch and Gloria was very prominent and it made the writer want to know deeply. That is why the writer chooses Hedonism as the object of study in this thesis. The aims of this study are to find out hedonistic values in Anthony’s character, the effects of hedonistic values in Anthony’s character, and analyze why Anthony practice hedonism by using moral approach.
This thesis uses a qualitative method to support the writing process of this study.
The result of this thesis shows the hedonistic values in Anthony’s character, the effects of hedonistic values in Anthony’s character, and the reason why Anthony practice hedonism.
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Literature work is created along the human’s life hisory. It has characteristics which are comforting and beneficial for its lovers. That is why literary work presents beauty, meaning of life, and pleasure to the imagination of the world. In addition, for most people, literary work becomes an instrument to convey truth inside, namely, there are messages about moral, social, religious values, and many more.
We can carry out a literary research by observing one from literary work such as novel. Reading a novel means enjoying its story and it consoles us to get self-satisfaction. Every literary work, including novel, usually gives opportunity to its reader to interpret or to discuss the content of novel more advanced. Therefore, by reading a novel, readers do not only read it as an entertainment but also they take a lesson or values from the story. As a literary work, novel is created not only for entertainment but also it implies values.
Novel is a literary work that concerns to moral issues and effort that is clearly reflected through the characters. Novel offers a variety of human’s life problems. The story does not only have purposes to give consolation, but it also has lesson of human’s life to reach betterment.
Talking about novel, there is one famous author in America. His name is F(rancis) Scott Fitzgerald who was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on September 24, 1896. He was educated at Princeton University and served in the U.S. Army from 1917 to 1919, attaining the rank of second lieutenant. In 1920 Fitzgerald married Zelda Sayre, a young woman of the upper class, and they had a daughter, Frances. Fitzgerald is perhaps best known for his short stories and novels, but his great contribution to American literature also include plays, poetry, music, and belle- letters. He is now highly regarded as an American writer. Ernest Hemingway, who was greatly influenced by Fitzgerald's short stories, wrote that Fitzgerald's talent was "as fine as the dust on a butterfly's wing." Yet during his lifetime Fitzgerald never had a best-selling novel and, toward the end of his life, he worked sporadically as a screenwriter at motion picture studios in Los Angeles. There he contributed to scripts for such popular films as Winter Carnival and Gone with the Wind. Fitzgerald's work is inseparable from the Roaring 20s. Berenice Bobs Her Hair and A Diamond as Big as the Ritz are two short stories included in his collections, Tales of the Jazz Age and Flappers and Philosophers. His first novel The Beautiful and Damned was flawed but set up Fitzgerald's major themes of the fleeting nature of youthfulness and innocence, unattainable love, and middle-class aspiration for wealth and respectability, derived from his own courtship of Zelda. This Side of Paradise (1920) was Fitzgerald's first unqualified success. The Great Gatsby (1925) is considered by many to be the greatest American novel. Tender Is the Night, a mature look at the excesses of the exuberant 20s, was published in 1934. Much of Fitzgerald's work has been adapted for film, including Babylon Revisited, adapted as The Last Time I Saw Paris by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1954. The Last Tycoon, adapted by Paramount in 1976, was a work in progress when Fitzgerald died of a heart attack on December 21, 1940, in Hollywood, California. Fitzgerald is buried in St. Mary's Cemetery in Rockville, Maryland.
One of the novels is The Beautiful an Damned that was published in 1922. This novel talked about the life of Anthony Patch, his wife named Gloria, and his friends. Gloria is Harvard-educated and an aspiring aesthete, while Patch was waiting for his inheritance upon his grandfather's death. His reckless marriage to Gloria was fueled by alcohol and is destroyed by greed. In this story, glamourous life of Anthony Patch and Gloria was very prominent and it made the writer want to know deeply. That is why the writer chooses Hedonism as the object of study in this thesis paper.
The writer would like to find out hedonistic values as reflected in the character of Anthony Patch by a using moral approach.
Moral aspect from these stories is very prominent, especially hedonistic values. We can see it in Anthony’s daily life as a main character, his life is always full of alcohol and always thinks about the worldly pleasure. He becomes a lazy man who believes that he would get money from his grandfather.
A study of moral aspect also gives us more knowledge about the Hedonistic values that is reflected by someone in the daily life or society. We can see also the bad effects of hedonistic values. Because until nowadays, this value still exists. For examples someone who likes party and getting drunk, and then someone who had spent his or her money to buy something unnecessary.
Previous Research
The writer found some related researches to this research. The related researches are:
Nina Noorivana Rachmi (2008)
Nina Noorivana Rachmi writes Moral Values as Reflected in Knightley’s Character of Jane Austen’s Emma as Scientific Research Paper, Faculty of Letters Engllish Department, and Undergraduate Program in Gunadarma University.
She describes that in Emma, we can find moral values. The most outstanding good character is Mr. Knightley who can be admired as a wise man. She wanted to specify the research, so she did the research about the characterization and the personalities of Mr. Knightley as a wise man in Emma. The result of this research is known that the main character, Mr. Knightly, is a wise man.
Febrina (2010)
The title of the research is “Moral Values in Joseph Conrad’s novel “Heart of Darkness””. She wants to describe the characterization and the moral values of the main characters, Charlie Marlow and Mr. Kurtz by using a descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis, she finds out that the characterization of Charlie Marlow are tolerant, critical, curious, honest, caring, and respectful. And the moral values of Charlie Marlow are tolerance, honesty, and care. The characteristics of Mr. Kurtz are independent, sacrifice, struggle, intelligent, selfish, hateful, and brave. The moral Values of Mr. Kurtz are sacrifice, struggle, and bravery.
Nurul Handayani (2004)
Nurul Handayani writes Human right values in Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” as a Scientific Research Paper, Faculty of Letters English Department, and Undergraduate Program Gunadarma University.
She describes about the human values in Fitzgerald’s novels “The Great Gatsby” by using a qualitative method to support the writing process of the study. The result of her study shows that the human right values include right to practice one’s religion, right to marry, right to education, right to express opinion, right to rest and leisure, right to work, no one has the right to hurt other, and right to life.
RESEARCH METHOD
Method
This research uses a descriptive qualitative method in order to describe values in a novel as a research object. This research method can be categorized as a qualitative method. Because this method is a very suitable method to describe the hedonistic values in the research object. Increasingly, the term qualitative and qualitative research came to significant much more than ways of gathering data; they came to denote divergent assumption about the nature and purposes of research in the social science.
Participant's observation, unstructured, interviews, or life histories normally regarded as qualitative research method. The resulting data the social sciences modeled themselves on the natural sciences, focusing on the need for objective quantifiable information. In the social class surveys, test, and observation were seen as objective method of producing "hard" data. A qualitative research strategy in which participants observation and unstructured interviewing were the main data collection methods, was purposed since in would allow researchers to get closer to the people they were investigating (Bryman,1988).
Qualitative method does not discuss about number, but it prefers interaction between concepts of the research by using empirical methods. Qualitative researcher argues that human character grows up. Qualitative researcher has descriptive characteristic it is means that data from in a word not in number. Qualitative methods prefer process or procedures that running. Qualitative research related to a research has a quotations character, by using a qualitative approach; people can observe religion, myth, or other irrational problem. Qualitative methods related to a people and also their character that the character is unique and difficult, because this method has more special position than quantitative research. The result of qualitative not gave an answer surely, and sometimes in a question pattern too. (Semi, 1998.23)
Source of the data
The source of the data in this study is novel The Beautiful and Damned which was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s. It was published 2009 by IAP. It consists of 222 pages and 3 chapters.
Technique of Collecting Data
The procedures of collecting data are:
1. Read F. Scott Fitzgerald novels entitled The Beautiful and Damned to understand the story and facilitate the writer to decide what data can be used to be analyzed.
2. Make a brief synopsis of the novel The Beautiful and Damned by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s.
3. Identify the values in the novel The Beautiful and Damned.
4. Read some reference books. These reference books that are related to the topic that can enrich the writer in order to identify the problems of this research and give various paradigms in point of view of problems.
5. Finds some references in the websites. The references website supports the writer to identify the problem; and gather some theories that related to this research.
Technique of Data Analysis
The techniques of the data analysis are:
1. Identify the hedonistic values in the novel.
2. Analyzing the data; Hedonistic values which are found in the novel by using the theories that are in chapter II.
3. Classifying the data according to their classification and relating them with moral values theories.
4. After analyzing the Hedonistic values of Anthony Patch, then the writer draws conclusions of this research.
Presentation of Data
1. The presentation of the data from the novel The Beautiful and Damned by F. Scott Fitzgerald’s and also from some theories that support the explanation to the problem.
2. The research analysis and result show the explanation of hedonistic values of Anthony Patch.
RESULT OF THE STUDY
Brief Synopsis of The Beautiful and Damned
Anthony Patch is the grandson of a reformer among reformers who is called Adam Patch. His mother named Henrietta Lebrune Patch died when a five-year-old Anthony. Anthony and his father lived with his grandfather in Terry town. But, when Anthony was eleven years old, his father named Ulysses Adam Patch died in Lucerne. Anthony suffered the worst at that time. He was always overshadowed by the death of his parents. However, overtime, Anthony’s life began to have chance. Anthony became a handsome youth and fond of collecting stamps.
It was sunny October day in 1913. Anthony Patch was happy to be in New York again. Anthony was thinking of money-his grandfather’s money. That evening, Anthony walked out of his apartment. A short man with fair hair was waiting for him. His name is Dick. Anthony sat down and at that moment, a waiter brought them the menu. An hour later, back to his apartment, Anthony was smoking a cigarette.
A month later it was winter in New York. Anthony met Dick Caramel again. They were going to the Plaza to visit Dick cousin. Her name’s Gloria Gilbert. She is always going to dance. She is a pretty girl, really pretty. But, when they got to the Plaza, Gloria was out. At the moment, the door opened. Gloria was coming. Anthony smiled at the girl and she looked into his clear, blue eyes. In the weeks before Christmas, Gloria and Anthony always meet at parties and dances.
One evening, Anthony and Gloria was sitting together in a crowded café. The music was load and the lights were bright. People were drinking and smoking. It was the night of Gloria party. Anthony, Dick, and Joseph Bloeckman were at Baltmore at eight o’clock. Joseph Bloeckman was a heavy man of about thirty-five. He introduced him self to Dick and Anthony. He was a fine man. He didn’t smoke and drink. Anthony decided that he didn’t like Bloeckman. At ten o’clock, Gloria and Anthony were dancing. After a few minutes, Gloria whispered, dance over the door. She wants to go to the drugstore.
A taxi stopped and they got in. now, they were together, away from the crowded city. Anthony put his arm around the girl and kissed her sweet, childish mouth. There was beauty in Gloria’s face. Anthony was in love. Anthony and Gloria decided to marry in June.
The first sixth months their marriage was the happiest time they would ever know. Then, hour by hour, the dream began fading. Gloria found that Anthony hated to drive too fast. He was afraid of unusual noises in the night. Anthony found out that Gloria was very nervous and selfish. And she had a temper. She had always got what she wanted. Anthony was restless and unhappy.
They left New York the next morning in a cheap, a new car. When they reached Marietta, it was almost dark. Then the car broke down. They stayed the night at the Marietta Inn.
The car was repaired and Anthony and Gloria drove around everywhere. They went out to dances. In April, they went to California. They were invited to all fashionable parties.
Time passed. Then Anthony found they had spent too much money. So they sold the car. But Anthony was restless. He started to drink more and, more.
Anthony had taken a job as a salesman. He hated the work and after a month, he left the job. But, they needed money badly. So, they sold Anthony’s apartment and rented the little grey house for a third year. But Gloria and Anthony were not happy gone they were alone together. They invited people to stay every weekend and sometimes during the week as well. The weekend parties were all the same – drinking, dinner at a club, then more drinking. Anthony and Gloria were always tired. But they needed the excitement of the parties. Inside the house, there were glasses and ashtrays everywhere. By nine o’clock, the music was loader. People was shouted each other, laugh and drank. Anthony emptied one bottle and opened another. And there, standing in the open doorway, was Adam patch! The old man’s face was hard and angry. He stood there, leaning on his stick. His secretary was standing beside him.
For about two minutes, the noise went on. Then there was silent. Everyone stared at the angry old man by the door. Anthony’s face was white. Gloria was staring at the old man with fear in her eyes. The old man turned slowly and left the house without another word. Adam Patch hated drink and drunkenness more than anything else in the world. The guest had gone. Gloria and Anthony looked at each other in misery and fear.
Anthony waited a week. Then, feeling very afraid, he went to his grandfather’s house. The old man was not well. His secretary would not let Anthony into the house. So Anthony and Gloria wrote Adam Patch a letter of apology. But the letter was not answered.
Anthony tried to rent his old apartment, but the price was too high. Then, he rented a small apartment on 57th Street. Anthony read in newspaper that is grandfather was dangerous ill. Anthony went to see old Adam Patch at once, but the sick man would not see him.
Adam Patch died in November. Anthony and Gloria went to the funeral. Then they waited to hear how much money Adam Patch had left them in his will. A week passed, Anthony phoned his grandfather lawyer. Anthony put down the phone down. He turned and looked into Gloria’s wide staring eyes. He told to Gloria that he had cut of his will. He didn’t get anything from his grandfather. The next day, Anthony went to a lawyer. He wanted to fight against his grandfather’s will.
The two months went by. The parties went on – lots of parties. The little apartment always smelt of smoke and whisky. He had written a few stories. But they were not successful. He soon stopped writing.
In April 1917, America declared war on Germany. Anthony tried to join the army, but he failed the medical examination. Then at the end of the summer, Anthony had to go into army. This time, he passed the medical examination.
A year later, Gloria and Anthony had moved into a cheaper apartment. Anthony could not get a job now. His eyes, that had been clear blue, deep, were now red and weak. Anthony was drunk most of the time. Anthony and Gloria’s friends were tired of playing for meals. They were tired of listening to Gloria and Anthony’s endless quarrels. Anthony was drunk everyday – either in the apartment or in bar. Anthony had been drinking whisky all day. As time went by, Anthony became worse and worse. If he had no money for drink, he lay in bad until midday. As soon as, he hade some money, he went out to a bar and got drunk.
Three weeks later, the case of Adam Patch’s would come to an end. A decision was going to be given in that afternoon. Anthony poured him self a whisky. He drank it quickly and took another.
Gloria and Dick came back to the apartment at five o’clock. They called Anthony‘s name, but there was no answer. They saw Anthony in his bedroom. He was sitting on the floor. He was looking at hundreds of stamps. They were the stamps that he had collected when he was a child. The stamps were lying all around him on the carpet.
Finally, he became a little crazy when he got his money. Anthony Patch was not thinking about his money. He was thinking all about the bad times he had had. His friend left him. Gloria had turned against him. He had had to fight on his own.
Only a few months ago, everyone had been telling him to forget the case and to go to work. But, he had known he was right. And when he got the money, of course, all friends came back again.
The hedonistic values in Anthony’s character
Hedonistic view of life is considered that the material pleasures of life are a primary goal. For the adherents of this idea, having fun, debauchery, and brothels is the ultimate goal of life, whether it is fun for other people or not. Because they think life is only one time, so they feel that they like to enjoy life as possible. Adherents within this understanding, life is run by freely for the sake of fulfilling the desires without limits.
There are many kinds of hedonistic values that reflected in Anthony Patch’s lifestyle in the novel that was written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The story tells about the life of Anthony Patch that is always glamourous. He spent his time to party, getting drink, and smoking cigarette with his friends. He also became a lazy man because he is believed that he would get will from his grandfather. Those values will be discussed as follow:
Party
Party is a gathering of people who have been invited by a host for the purposes of socializing, conversation, or recreation. A party will typically feature food and beverages, and often music and dancing as well.
Not a bit of money spent to hold party. Costs incurred to finance consumption, cake, party clothes, room decor, and a letter of invitation. In addition, we examine today is no small cost to celebrate a party. This celebration is so flourishing in all societies. Nuance hedonism so thick in party.
In this story, there are a lot of parties. Anthony, Gloria, Richard Caramel (Dick), Maury Noble, and another always present their life with party. It is shown from this quotations:
“All in our parties are characterized by a certain haughty distinction.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:12)
“Lincoln’s birthday,”affirmed Anthony without enthusiashm, “or St. Valentine’s or somebody’s. When did we start on this insane party?”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:111)
“Gloria, you want parties as much as I do.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:152)
“Because I’m sick and tired of hearing you talk about what we’ve spent or what we’ve done. You came back two month ago and we’ve been on some sort of party practically every night since. We’ve both wanted to go out and we’ve done. Well, you haven’t heard me complain, have you? But all you do is whine,whine,whine. I don’t care any more what we do or what become of us and at least I’m consistent. But I’m not tolerate your complaining and claimity howling---”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:185)
From this quotations, we can see that Anthony always attends party all the time. They invited people to stay every weekend and sometimes during the week as well. The party of Anthony can be categorized as behavioral hedonistic because he does not care about what people says, and he only think that he would get the pleasureable from party.
Drunk
Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol can cause intoxication. In this novel, the hedonistic values that are reflected with Anthony’s character besides party is drunk. In every chance, he get always drunk with his wife and friends. It is shown from this quotations:
“You drink all the time, don’t you?”she said suddenly.
“Why, I suppose so,” replied Anthony in some surprise. “ Don’t you?”
“You’re going with me, he said brutally, “if I have to carry you.”
“Will you get in? --or I will put you in?”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:100)
“Please don’t drink much Anthony.” said Gloria
“Why?”
“Because you’re so simple when you’re drunk.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:135)
“Wait till finish my drink.”
“I’ll tell you what. Let’s each fill one glass, drink it of and then we’ll dance.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:137)
“You have been drinking,” she remarked dispassionately.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:185)
“Look here Mr.Patch,” said Bloeckman, evenly and without changing his expression, “you’re drunk. You’re disguistingly and insultingly drunk.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:215)
From this quotations above, we can see that Anthony always drinks in every chance. As we know, drunk is one of the example of behavioral hedonism because it can be dangerous to our health. As matter of fact, the story tells that he try to compensate his problem with drunk. He try to get pleasurable and enjoyment to forget the problem.
Smoker
Besides going too many parties and getting drink, Anthony is a heavy smoker. He was always smoking when he gathered with his friends. It can be shown from this quotation:
“ They put her out the same time they barred cigarettes”
“did they bar cigarettes? I see the hand of my holly grandfather”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:30)
“You shall” he backoned to a writer and sent him to the cigar counter.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:33)
“Gloria” His voice was trembling. No answer. A faint string of smoke was rising from a cigarettetray~~a number of Vanity Fair sat astraddle on the table.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:176)
From the quotation above, we can conclude that Anthony is also a smoker. It is one of the examples of the behavioral hedonism because the smoker try to found pleasurable and enjoyment for themeselve.
The effects of hedonistic values in Anthony’s character
As we know, there is a law of cause and effect in life. What we planted, we also will reap the results, whether it is good or bad. So does with Anthony's life. The behavioral hedonism that is reflected in the daily life of Anthony’s character can give bad effects in following aspects, namely:
Economic and Social Aspect
In economic and social aspect, the behavioral of hedonism can give bad effects. As reflected to Anthony’s character, Anthony always spent his time to party, drunk, and smoke cigarettes. He always believes that he would get his grandfather will and become a lazy man. Their economy is getting worse because he does not have a steady job and always spend time and money with a party. He began a lack of money and was shunned by her friends. It is can be shown from this quotation:
“Do you think that weve gone on spending more then twelve thousand a year without cutting way into our capital?”
“I know we’d sold bonds, but~~have we spent that much a years? How did we?
“Oh, I’ll look in those careful account ~ books we kept,” he remarked irronocally, and he then added:
“Two rents a good part of the time, clothes, travel~~why, each of those spring in California cost about four thousand dollars. That darn car was an expense fromstart to finish. And parties and amusement and~~oh, one thing or another.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:144)
“Have you any money?he inquired of her precipitately”.
“What?What do you mean?”
“Just what I said. Money! Money! Can you speak English?”
“You heard what I said? Have you any money?”
“Why, Anthony, You must be crazy! You know I haven’t any money~~except a dollar in change.”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:209)
“Do you thing that even Maury Noble, who was my best friend won’t come to see us it’s high time to stop calling people up?”Tears were standing in his eyes.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:202)
From this quotation above, we can conclude that he need money and he lost his friends. This things are the bad effect of behavioral hedonism which reflected in Anthony’s character.
Health and Psycological Aspect
Hedonism was never released from the world of entertainment. Free sex, drug (addictive substances), music, and liquor, often become friends for the apparent pleasure seekers. Actually, that's what actually endangers their souls. However, many people do not realize even though so many lives that have been floated since their travel lifestyle.
Hedonistic values are reflected in Anthony’s character that can give bad effects to him. Anthony became a man who lost consciousness. He experienced frustration and depression because of economic conditions increasingly worse. He became a little crazy in the knowledge that he did not get the inheritance from his grandfather. Although he eventually managed to get his grandfather's legacy, he did not care. It is shown from this quote:
“My dearest,” he whispered huskily. “He did it, God damn him!”
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:146)
“See here ~~ I think you’re little crazy!” exclaimed Bloeckman. He took two paces forward as though to pass by, but Anthony stepped in his way.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:215)
“What are you doing?” demanded Dick in astonishment. “Going back to childhood? Don’t you realize you’ve won the suit? They’ve reversed the decision of the lower courts. You’re worth thirty millions!”
Anthony only looked at him reproachfully.
“Shut the door when you go out.” He spoke like pert child.
With a faint horror dawning in her eyes, Gloria gazed at him~~
“Anthony!” she cried, “What is it? What’s the matter? Why didn’t you come ~~why, what is it?
“See here,” said Anthony softly, “you two get out ~~ now, both of you. Or else I’ll tell my grandfather.
(F. Scott Fitzgerald, 2009:221)
From this quotations, we can see that Anthony had frustration and depression. He had cut of his will and didn’t get anything from his grandfather. He lost consciousness because he was drunk everyday – either in apartment or bar.
The reasons why Anthony practice hedonism
Based on The Beautiful and Damned, the writer assumed that the hedonistic life style that reflected in Anthony’s character are supported by some factors, such as:
1. Loss of role models (Parents)
The death of Anthony’s parents is always shadowed; it is a terror at the age of eleven years for him. This is the worst period of Anthony. At that time Anthony collecting stamps to divert his mind after his parents death.
2. Style of Life
Style of life Anthony Patch is glamorous. He is always having fun with party, drunk, smoke cigarrete, and many more. We can conclude that it is one of the example which reflected the behaviour of hedonism.
3. Environments
Environments in which we live can also influence our behaviour. And so does Anthony’s character. His life in the glamourous community. They only think about worldly pleasure such party, getting drunk, and so on. It is shown that there are hedonistic values are reflected in the novel.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
Conclusion
After analyzing this novel, the writer has concluded that there are hedonistic values in this novel that are reflected in the life of Anthony Patch which give badly effects for him self in his daily life, such as:
1. Too many parties
2. Too much drink (alcoholic)
3. Too much smooking
The effects of hedonism that are reflected in the life of Anthony can be concluded in following aspect, namely:
1. Economic and Social Aspect
2. Health and Psychological Aspect
And the reasons why Anthony practice hedonism are supported by:
1. Loss of role models
2. Style of life
3. Environment
Suggestion
After analyzing this novel, the writer wants to suggest:
1. It will be better to the students in the Faculty of Letters in Gunadarma university to read many kinds of literary works. They can be a novel, short story, poetry, or prose. So, the students can add their knowledge by analyzing the literary works. By reading, the students can differentiate the genre of literary works. They know about the values that are reflected in the novel, such as hedonistic values, human right values, moral values, and so many aspects that include in literary works. This also enriches their knowledge about it.
2. Behaviour can be infuenced by past experience, style of life and also emvironment.
3. By analyzing the novel of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned, the writer knows what kinds of hedonistic values and so do the effects of hedonistic values in the daily life.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bertens, K. 1993. Etika. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Umum
Gill, Richard. 1998. A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher, Ltd.
Oxford English Dictionary 2003. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary Third edition. Oxford University Press, New York.
Semi, Atar. 1990. Metode Penelitian Sastra. Bandung: Angkasa
Shaw, George. 1986. Idea in a Literary Work. London: Macmillan Press.
Thiroux, Jacques. 1995. Ethics Theory and Practice. Oxford: Macmillan Press.
A Peer-Reviewed Academic Resource. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2005, July 11) Retrieved July 7, 2010 from (http://www.iep.utm.edu/epicur/)
Hollowell, Karen. eHow Contributor .Retrieved August 27, 2010 from (http://www.ehow.com/about_5057164_can-influence-childs-behavior.html)
John Riley Jr, Laverne. (2007, July 13). Grief & Loss - Children Losing Parents. Retrieved August 23, 2010, from (http://ezinearticles.com/?Grief-and-Loss---Children-Losing-Parents&id=644289)
Kang Mas. (2009, September 3) Retrieved August 9, 2010 from (http://zonadiskusi.blogspot.com/2009/09/gemerlap-hedonisme.html)
Retrieved July 7, 2010, from (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedonism)
Retrieved August 8, 2010 from (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication)
Retrieved August 4, 2010 from (http://en.wikipedia.org./wiki/moral)
Senin, 11 Oktober 2010
JURNAL SKRIPSI - KARTIKA PURNAMA SARI
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 06.58 0 komentar
Rabu, 26 Mei 2010
MENULIS KREATIF ( PUISI )
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
10606035 / 4SA01
STARS
by Kartika
Stars…
Things that always shiny in the dark
Even though there’s a month
Stars more admired in the sky
The light…
Can be spirit in our heart
And like stars...
You are always in my heart
by Kartika
Stars…
Things that always shiny in the dark
Even though there’s a month
Stars more admired in the sky
The light…
Can be spirit in our heart
And like stars...
You are always in my heart
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
MENCARI MAKNA SEJATI
by Kartika
Aku adalah manusia,
Penuh rasa dan karsa…
Aku adalah manusia,
Seperti lainnya..
Aku adalah manusia,
Mencoba hidup bermakna..
Sadarkah kalian bahwa kita tidak sempurna?
Mereka menjauh ketika tahu keburukan kita…
Sudahkah kita sempurna?
Mengapa setitik keburukan selalu menghapus seluruh kebaikan?
Meskipun kita tidak pernah mengajarkannya…
Semua sudah biasa
Semua merasa bisa
Hingga lupa akan,
Siapa kita sebenarnya..
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Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
10606035 / 4SA01
KETIKA BENCANA MELANDA
by Kartika
Hilang ,
usai semua…
Rasa nya lenyap tak tersisa
Tak ada satupun yang Ku punya
Dalam sekejap, semua tak berdaya..
Mengapa Bumi Ku yang terkoyak?
Mengapa negri ku yang hancur luluh lantak?
Tak ada seorang pun yang berontak
Semua tak berdaya
Ketika negri Ku dilanda bencana..
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Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
CURAHAN HATIKU
by Kartika
Lelah hati, yang tak Ku mengerti
Ketika Dia membuatKu sakit hati
Ingin Ku ungkap semua rasa
Walau Dia berada jauh disana,
Dia hanya terdiam,
seakan tak ada masalah,
seakan tak punya salah…
Kini Aku datang,
Dengan wajah ceria penuh senyuman
Karna Ku t’lah memutuskan,
Untuk Tak bersama lagi dengan nya
Karna Ku t’lah menemukan
Seseorang yang lebih pengertian
Seseorang yang lebih mengerti
Akan artinya kasih sayang…
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 12.52 1 komentar
Senin, 14 Desember 2009
TUGAS 1 - KELEBIHAN DAN KEKURANGAN ETNOGRAFI
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 02.30 0 komentar
TUGAS 2 - HUBUNGAN ANTARA ETNOGRAFI DAN ANTROPOLOGI
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
HUBUNGAN ANTARA ETNOGRAFI
DAN ANTROPOLOGI
Etnografi secara harfiah berarti tulisan atau laporan tentang suatu suku bangsa, yang di tulis seorang antropolog atas penelitian lapangan selama beberapa waktu. Etnografi baik secara laporan penelitian maupun sebagai metode penelitian dapat di anggap sebagai dasar dan asal usul ilmu amtropologi.
Antropologi adalah ilmu yang memberikan ruang bagi identitas – identitas budaya milik komunitas untuk ditampilkan dalam tulisan etnografi. Pada dasarnya ilmu antropologi adalah kegiatan penelitian untuk memahami cara orang – orang berinteraksi dan bekerja sama melalui fenomena teramati dalam kehidupan sehari – hari.
Sejak lima dekade yang lalu, para antropolog telah memanfaatkan etnografi sebagai wahana untuk menuangkan pengalaman dan kajian mereka. Etnografi menjadi sebuah cara yang dianggap paling tepat untuk menggambarkan realitas masyarakat yang diteliti. Dalam tradisi kajian antropologi klasik, etnografi menjadi “jembatan” antara pemikiran teoritis dan realitas kehidupan sehari-hari tanggapan sang antropolog. Tradisi semacam ini meletakkan etnografi sebagai “realitas ketiga”, yakni realitas tulis yang berada di luar realitas subyektif penulis dan realitas obyektif yang dituliskan.
James Spardley mengatakan bahwa kajian lapangan etnografi adalah tonggak antropologi budaya. Namun saat ini, etnografi, sebagai sebuah metode dan tulisan, mulai sering dimanfaatkan oleh kajian budaya (cultural studies), kritik sastra, sastra bandingan, sejarah, dan berbagai disiplin lainnya. Bahkan, etnografi tak lagi menjadi sebuah metode asing di kalangan para pembuat film, terutama mereka yang bergerak di bidang film dokumenter atau mereka yang sekedar ingin menonjolkan corak realisme dalam karya mereka.
Singkatnya bahwa belajar etnografi berarti belajar tentang jantung dari ilmu antropologi, khususnya antropologi sosial.
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 02.27 0 komentar
TUGAS 3 - FUNGSI BAHASA
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
FUNGSI BAHASA DALAM PENELITIAN KEBUDAYAAN PADA MASYARAKAT HETEROGEN
Di dalam kehidupan masyarakat fungsi bahasa secara tradisional dapat dikatakan sebagai alat komunikasi verbal yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk berkomunikasi.
Akan tetapi, fungsi bahasa tidak hanya semata-mata sebagai alat komunikasi. Bagi Sosiolinguistik konsep bahasa adalah alat yang fungsinya menyampaikan pikiran saja dianggap terlalu sempit. Chaer (2004:15) berpendapat bahwa fungsi yang menjadi persoalan Sosiolingustik adalah dari segi penutur, pendengar, topik, kode, dan amanat pembicaraan. Maksud dari pernyataan tersebut pada intinya bahwa fungsi bahasa akan berbeda apabila ditinjau dari sudut pandang yang berbeda sebagaimana yang telah disebutkan di atas.
Adapun penjelasan tentang fungsi-fungsi bahasa tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Segi penutur
Dilihat dari segi penutur maka bahasa itu berfungsi personal atau pribadi. Maksudnya, si penutur menyatakan sikap terhadap apa yang dituturkannya, bukan hanya menyatakan sikap lewat bahasa tetapi juga memperlihatkan sikap itu sewaktu menyampaikan tuturannya, baik sedang marah, sedih, ataupun gembira.
2. Segi pendengar
Dilihat dari segi pendengar maka bahasa itu berfungsi direktif, yaitu mengatur tingkah laku pendengar. Dalam hal ini, bahasa itu tidak hanya membuat si pendengar melakukan sesuatu, tetapi melakukan hal sesuai dengan keinginan si pembieara
3. Segi topic
Dilihat dari segi topik maka bahasa itu berfungsi referensial. Dalam hal ini bahasa itu berfungsi sebagai alat untuk membicarakan objek atau peristiwa yang ada di sekeliling penutur atau yang ada dalam budaya pada umumnya.
4. Segi kode
Dilihat dari segi kode maka bahasa itu berfungsi metalingual atau metalinguistik, yaitu bahasa digunakan untuk membicarakan bahasa itu sendiri, seperti pada saat mengajarkan tentang kaidah-kaidah atau aturan-aturan bahasa yang dijelaskan dengan menggunakan bahasa.
5. Segi amanat
Dilihat dari segi amanat yang disampaikan maka bahasa itu berfungsi imaginatif, yakni bahasa itu dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pikiran, gagasan, dan perasaan (baik sebenarnya maupun khayalan/rekaan).
Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan tentang fungsi bahasa. fungsi bahasa dapat dilihat dari berbagai segi, yaitu segi penutur, segi pendengar, segi topik, segi kode, segi amanat.
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 02.23 0 komentar
TUGAS 4 - TEKNIK WAWANCARA ETNOGRAFIS
Kartika Purnama Sari
10606035 / 4SA01
TEKNIK SEORANG ETNOGRAFER
DALAM MELAKUKAN WAWANCARA ETNOGRAFIS
Pada awalnya, teknik wawancara yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara yang panjang, berkali – kali, menggunakan beberapa informasi kunci teknik wawancara tersebut yaitu dengan menggali informasi dari topik tertentu, memberikan penjelasan dari suatu tindakan mempelajari pengetahuan dan kebudayaan, serta mengetahui suatu riwayat hidup.
Dalam wawancara informasi, pembicaraan harus mempunyai arah dan tujuan. Dimulai dengan percakapan persahabatan sampai akhirnya meminta informasi melakukan tugas – tugas tertentu. Hendaknya, saat melakukan wawancara jangan menimbulkan kecurigaan yang dapat mengganggu informan. Dalam melakukan wawancara, biasanya seorang etnografer menggunakan beberapa teknik, diantaranya yaitu :
1. Unstructured Interview
Tujuan dari wawancara ini adalah untuk mengkonfirmasikan temuan – temuan yang langsung di peroleh di tempat yang jika di tanyakan lebih lanjut bisa mengarah kepada kesimpulan yang keliru.
2. Contectual In – depth Interview.
Teknik ini disebut juga dengan istilah “on-site Depth Interview”. Pertanyaan yang disusun juga sudah lebih terstruktur karena etnografer biasanya telah memperoleh informasi dan pengetahuan yang lebih baik dan luas tentang suatu masyarakat dan kebudayaannya.
3. Usability Interview
Wawancara yang lebih khusus lagi, yaitu merupakan gabungan antara observasi langsung dan wawancara untuk melihat proses. Kebudayaan yang berlangsung.
PERBEDAAN WAWANCARA ETNOGRAFIS DENGAN PERCAKAPAN PERSAHABATAN
Wawancara etnografis menurut spreadly adalah seperangkat percakapan persahabatan yang ke dalamnya peneliti secara perlahan memasukan beberapa unsur baru untuk membantu informasi memberi jawaban sebagai seorang informan. Sedangkan percakapan persahabatan dapat di analisa dengan beberapa unsur, yaitu ;
1. Menggunakan kata dan kalimat sapaan.
2. Tidak ada tujuan eksplisit.
3. Menghindari pengulangan.
4. Mengajukan pertanyaan.
5. Menunjukan minat.
6. Menunjukan ketidaktahuan.
7. Bergiliran.
8. Penyingkatan.
9. Waktu sela.
10. Penutupan (tidak pernah berhenti tanpa beberapa ritual verbal yang mengatakan “selesai”).
Diposting oleh Lady_kaRtiKa21 di 02.16 0 komentar
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